In this blog, we tackle the most common questions people have about installing and using solar rooftops in India. We’ve made the blog easy to understand for everyone, even if you don’t have any technical background. Whether you’re a homeowner looking to cut down on electricity bills, a business aiming to embrace green energy, or simply curious about solar power, this guide is for you.
We’ve compiled answers to a variety of questions covering almost everything from the basics of solar panels to detailed insights on how solar plants work, the benefits of net-metering, carbon reduction and much more. Our goal is to provide clear and accessible information that helps you make informed decisions about your solar energy journey.
Dive in and discover how solar energy can work for you!
Q: What is a solar panel?
A: Those dark looking solar panels are basically collection of several square shape solar cells, sandwiched between a front glass and a back thermoplastic sheet (white sheet) or another glass, finally held together in an aluminium frame, the whole assembly is then called a solar panel. The multiple solar cells inside the glass are connected together by very thin shiny wires called busbars, which you can see from outside. These works much like a torchlight battery, connected back-to-back one after another to give higher power. These powers from individual cells are collected together through the thin busbars and finally taken out from the solar panel backside through two thick wires, one is positive and another is negative.
Q: What is a capacity of a solar panel?
Capacity or rating is basically the maximum power the solar panel can produce under some specified conditions (called STC or standard test conditions), which is given by Watt peak or Wp. You can get various standard rating of solar panels in market e.g. 545 Wp, 580Wp, 670Wp etc. You need to connect several such panels together to get higher power output as you need.
Q. What is DC capacity and AC capacity?
DC capacity is basically the capacity of solar panels put together. For example, 10 Nos of 545Wp panels connected together will have capacity of (10 x 545) = 5,450 Wp or 5.45kWp (kWp = Wp/1000). AC capacity is the AC power the plant can produce after converting this DC power to AC power. Normally the power we use from utility is AC power, whereas solar panels produce DC power like a battery. So you need a solar inverter to convert this DC to AC for your onward use. AC capacity of a solar plant is lesser than the DC capacity usually, as some energy is lost when you convert from DC to AC.
Q: What are mono-crystalline or mono-perc or Topcon-N panel?
The solar cells are made of silicon which is a semi-conductor material. The panel is referred as per the technology used in producing the solar cells which is the heart of the solar panel. For example, when mono-crystalline solar cells are used, these are called mono-crystalline panels and so on. Topcon-N is the latest mono-crystalline cell technology which gives higher output and higher efficiency compared to other previous mono cells.
Q: How do solar plants work?
A: Solar plants work by using solar panels to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. The panels are made of photovoltaic solar cells that generate a direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight. This DC electricity is then converted into alternating current (AC) using a solar inverter, which is suitable for use in homes and businesses.
Q: What is an On-Grid and Off-Grid solar plant?
A: An On-Grid solar plant is connected to the public electricity grid, allowing excess energy to be fed back into the grid and credited to your account or for self-consumption only. An Off-Grid solar plant, on the other hand, is not connected to the grid and uses batteries to store energy for later use, making it ideal for remote areas or locations with frequent power outages.
Q: How long do solar panels work?
A: Solar panels typically have a lifespan of 25-30 years. During this time, they can continue to generate electricity, although their efficiency may decrease slightly over the years.
Q: Will it work during a power cut?
A: On-Grid solar systems will not work during power cuts unless they have battery storage to provide backup power. Off-Grid systems, however, can continue to supply electricity during power outages by using stored energy in the batteries.
Q: Will solar panels work at night?
A: Solar panels do not generate electricity at night as they require sunlight to operate. However, if you have a battery storage system, the stored energy can be used during the night or cloudy days.
Q: What are the prerequisites to install a solar plant?
A: To install a solar plant, you need sufficient roof space with good exposure to sunlight, a strong and stable structure to support the panels, and necessary permits and approvals from local authorities as applicable. An assessment by a professional installer like misun® energy can help determine the best setup for your location.
Q: What is Net-Metering?
A: Net-Metering is a billing arrangement that allows solar energy users to pay electricity bill to utility only for the ‘Net Energy’, i.e. ‘Energy Taken’ minus ‘Energy Given’. You then become a ‘Prosumer’ means an energy producer and a consumer at the same time. Depending on your usage, you may use less energy in day time when solar plant is producing, so you push the excess unused energy to the utility during the day (give). You may have to draw energy from utility at night when solar is not working (take). Both ‘give’ and ‘take’ are metered by a bidirectional meter called ‘Net meter’ for billing purpose. This way you can even bring your electricity bill close to zero if you have sufficient space to install a suitable solar plant, depending on local state policy regulations.
Q: Can I install a solar plant without net-metering?
A: Yes, you can install a solar plant without net-metering for self-consumption (captive) if your bulk energy consumption is during the day only or if local policy regulations do not allow net-metering or any other reasons. This is also called ‘Behind-the-meter’ system and can be beneficial if your solar plant capacity is small compared to your day time load demand. In that case, no energy will be pushed to the grid in day time but entire solar energy will be consumed inhouse only. In such cases, ‘Behind-the-meter’ systems can be useful to reduce the electricity consumption from grid and save on cost without going for a ‘Net metered’ system. The system will still be ‘on-grid’, professional installers like misun® energy can guide you more on this if needed.
Q: Are solar panels worth it?
A: Yes, solar panels are worth the investment as they reduce electricity bills, provide energy independence, and contribute to a sustainable environment. Over time, the savings on electricity bills outweigh the initial installation costs and provide excellent returns.
Q: How are solar plants useful for my business?
A: Solar plants can significantly reduce energy costs for your business, provide a reliable power source, and enhance your company’s reputation by demonstrating a commitment to sustainability and green energy. They can also offer protection against rising electricity rates.
Q: Can the solar plant run with my DG set?
A: Yes, a solar plant can be integrated with a DG (diesel generator) set to provide backup power when sunlight is insufficient. This hybrid setup ensures a continuous power supply for your operations.
Q: How do I know how much solar power I need?
A: A professional assessment can help determine your solar power needs by analyzing your current energy consumption, roof space, and local solar radiation levels. This information is used to design a system that meets your specific energy requirements.
Q: How much space is required to install a solar plant?
A: Generally, you need about 100 square feet of roof space for every 1 kW of solar panels. The exact amount of space required will depend on the efficiency and size of the panels used.
Q: What kind of roofs are suitable to install a solar plant?
A: Most roof types, including flat concrete (RCC) and metal sheet roofs, can accommodate solar panels. The key requirements are that the roof should have good exposure to sunlight, be structurally sound, and be large enough to accommodate the necessary number of panels.
Q: How to ensure that my solar plant is of the best quality?
A: To ensure the best quality, choose high-efficiency solar panels, work with reputable installers, and follow proper maintenance practices. Additionally, look for panels with good warranties and certifications that meet international standards and BIS certifications. Professional installers like misun® energy can assist you to select from different choices available.
Q: Which solar panel is best?
A: The best solar panel depends on your specific needs. High-efficiency panels are ideal for limited space, while cost-effective panels might be suitable for larger installations. Consult with a solar expert like misun® energy to find the best option for your situation.
Q: My area has too many power cuts. Will a solar plant work for me?
A: Yes, especially if you have a battery storage system to store excess energy generated during sunny periods. This stored energy can be used during power cuts, ensuring a continuous power supply.
Q: Can I get funding to install solar?
A: Yes, many banks and financial institutions offer loans and financing options for solar installations. Additionally, there are government subsidies and incentives available that can help reduce the overall cost. misun® energy can assist you to avail solar funding easily an affordably, or else they can also do the project for you in OPEX (zero investment) model if you are a registered business entity.
Q: Are solar panels recyclable?
A: Yes, most parts of a solar panel, including the glass, metal frame, and semiconductor materials, can be recycled. Recycling helps reduce waste and the environmental impact of solar panels.
Q: Can solar energy be stored?
A: Yes, solar energy can be stored using batteries. This allows you to use the generated electricity when sunlight is not available, such as during the night or on cloudy days.
Q. How solar energy can contribute to environment and sustainability?
A. By adopting solar energy, you significantly reduce your dependence on utility power, which is predominantly generated by burning coal in thermal plants. Solar energy, harnessed from natural sunlight, allows you to join a growing community of individuals and businesses leading a quiet revolution to protect the earth. This clean energy source helps cut down carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, which are major contributors to global climate change, extreme weather patterns, environmental pollution, and the disruption of livelihoods.
Countries around the world, including India, are taking significant steps to address these environmental challenges, with solar energy being a key tool in their strategies. Your participation in this green revolution is crucial—not just for your benefit but also for the global good. Together, we can ensure a healthier planet and a brighter future for the coming generations. Let's harness the power of the sun to create a sustainable tomorrow.
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